Is there lead in your vitamins?
http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodContaminantsAdulteration/Metals/Lead/ucm115941.htm
Survey Data on Lead in Women's and Children's Vitamins
August 2008
In early 2007, FDA became aware of reports of elevated lead levels in certain vitamins, which became an issue of concern to FDA, Congress, and the public. This survey was conducted to determine the content of lead (Pb) in vitamins labeled for women and children. The Pb content of 324 multivitamin-mineral products purchased over the Internet was determined using microwave assisted nitric acid digestion and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.1 Cryogenic grinding was used to composite soft samples such as oil filled capsules and candy-like products such as gummies and jelly beans. The median and maximum mass fractions were 0.160 and 2.40 mg/kg, respectively. Only four samples exceeded 1 mg/kg.
Estimates of Pb exposures from consumption of products were derived by multiplying the maximum recommended daily serving provided by the label instructions by the Pb mass fractions (i.e., concentrations) determined in this study. The overall median value for Pb exposure was 0.576 µg/day. Five samples would have provided exposures that exceeded 4 µg/day, the highest being 8.97 µg/day. The highest exposure estimate for children's vitamins was 2.88 µg/day. Estimates of exposures were assessed with respect to safe/tolerable exposure levels that have been developed for particular age and sex groups. These safe/tolerable exposure levels are referred to as the provisional total tolerable intake levels (PTTI)2.
Estimates of Pb exposures for all products were below the PTTI levels for the at-risk population groups of children, pregnant and lactating women and adult women. Table 1 lists the PTTI levels and summarizes results for mass fraction and estimated exposure by population group. Median and maximum values were used instead of mean and standard deviation due to the skewed distribution of results toward lower mass fraction and exposure as seen in Figures 1 and 2. Table 2 provides a complete listing of Pb mass fractions and estimated Pb exposure values for the samples.
| Population Group | PTTI (µg Pb/day) | Estimated Exposure median (µg Pb/day) | Estimated Exposure max (µg Pb/day) | Mass Fraction * median (mg Pb/kg) | Mass Fraction * max (mg Pb/kg) | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Young children (0-6 years) | 6 | 0.123 | 2.88 | 0.0352 | 0.395 | 101 |
| Older children (7+ years) | 15 | 0.356 | 1.78 | 0.146 | 0.623 | 23 |
| Pregnant or lactating women | 25 | 0.845 | 8.97 | 0.220 | 2.40 | 75 |
| Adult women | 75 | 0.842 | 4.92 | 0.221 | 1.20 | 125 |
Figure 1. Frequency Distribution of Pb Mass Fractions
Figure 2. Frequency Distribution of Estimated Pb Exposures
| Product | Form | Avg. Pb Mass Fraction, mg Pb/kg | Estimated Exposure µg Pb/day | Population Assessment Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nature's Plus Animal Parade Shake | Powder | 0.0799 | 2.88 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Superior Multi Age | Powder | 0.235 | 2.24 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Nutraceutical Pedia Power | Tablet/Capsule | 0.152 | 0.895 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Physio Kids Multilogics Chewable | Tablet/Capsule | 0.220 | 0.761 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Ola Loa Kids | Powder | 0.0511 | 0.700 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Nature's Plus Animal Parade | Tablet/Capsule | 0.191 | 0.623 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Vita-Big-Kids | Tablet/Capsule | 0.168 | 0.557 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Wonder Laboratories Formula Nineteen | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0708 | 0.535 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Clinicians Choice Chewable Daily Multivitamins | Tablet/Capsule | 0.174 | 0.525 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Dynamic Health Multi for Children | Liquid | 0.0453 | 0.525 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Super Nutrition Perfect Kids | Tablet/Capsule | 0.395 | 0.522 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| All One Kids | Powder | 0.0627 | 0.470 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Spider-man Complete | Tablet/Capsule | 0.327 | 0.455 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| MultiBite plus minerals | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0844 | 0.447 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Kiddievite | Liquid | 0.0261 | 0.445 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Disney Complete | Tablet/Capsule | 0.252 | 0.342 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Rhino Dippin' Pops | Candy-like | 0.0411 | 0.295 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Emer'gen-C Jr. for Kids | Powder | 0.0308 | 0.286 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Floradix Kinder Love Children's Multivitamin | Liquid | 0.0119 | 0.284 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Kirkman Children's Multivitamin/mineral | Tablet/Capsule | 0.279 | 0.272 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Rainbow Light Nutri Stars | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0558 | 0.261 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Centrum Kids | Tablet/Capsule | 0.138 | 0.250 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Kirkman Children's Chewable Wafers | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0948 | 0.246 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Rainbow Light Kid's One Multistars | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0955 | 0.244 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Rainbow Light NutriStart | Powder | 0.107 | 0.232 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Vaxa Buddies | Tablet/Capsule | 0.143 | 0.215 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Kirkland Signature Chewable Children's | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0999 | 0.214 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Flintstones Complete | Tablet/Capsule | 0.147 | 0.212 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| One A Day Kids Scooby Doo Complete | Tablet/Capsule | 0.161 | 0.209 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| One A Day Kids Bugs Bunny | Tablet/Capsule | 0.159 | 0.208 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Flintstones Complete | Tablet/Capsule | 0.137 | 0.198 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Chewy Sour Worms | Candy-like | 0.0211 | 0.196 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Kordial Nutrients Pedia-vit | Liquid | 0.0190 | 0.194 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Family Value Multivitamin/Multimineral for Kid | Tablet/Capsule | 0.189 | 0.191 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Emergen-C Kids Multi-Vitamin | Powder | 0.0187 | 0.170 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Chewy Bears Multi-vitamin | Candy-like | 0.0561 | 0.166 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Pure Encapsulations PediaNutrients | Tablet/Capsule | 0.115 | 0.161 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Natural Factors Children's Chewable Multivitamin | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0266 | 0.154 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Life Solutions Chidren's Super Multivitamins and Minerals | Liquid | 0.0091 | 0.154 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| VegLife Vegan Kids Multiple | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0594 | 0.153 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Carlson for Kids | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0773 | 0.150 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| InVite For Kids | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0363 | 0.147 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Vita-Kids | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0399 | 0.145 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| For Kids Only | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0612 | 0.139 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Nature's Plus Animal Parade Gummies | Candy-like | 0.0161 | 0.132 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Chewable Maxi Health | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0204 | 0.131 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Gummy Bear Essentials | Candy-like | 0.0137 | 0.130 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Liquid Health Children's Multi | Liquid | 0.0041 | 0.126 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Jarrow Formulas KidBear Kids Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0310 | 0.124 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Greens Today Childrens Formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0493 | 0.124 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| MotherNature.com Tiger Bites | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0352 | 0.123 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| The Vitamin Shoppe Liquid Children's Multi | Liquid | 0.0069 | 0.119 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Vitamin World Animal Chews | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0518 | 0.118 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| A to Z Naturals Kitties for Kids | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0356 | 0.116 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Spider-man Gummies | Candy-like | 0.0215 | 0.113 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Country Life Tall Tree | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0549 | 0.109 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Hero Yummi Bears | Candy-like | 0.0146 | 0.109 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| One A Day Scooby Doo Plus Calcium | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0859 | 0.107 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Solaray Children's Chewable | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0391 | 0.105 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Source Naturals Mega-Kid | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0368 | 0.103 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Lil Critters Groovy Gummy Vites | Candy-like | 0.0192 | 0.103 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Vitamin World Children's Multi Gummies | Candy-like | 0.0198 | 0.102 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| ChildLife Nutrition For Kids | Liquid | 0.0059 | 0.100 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| NutriBalance Children's Formula | Powder | 0.0197 | 0.0986 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Spider-man Multivitamin with Extra C | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0650 | 0.0850 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Sea Buddies Daily Multiple | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0452 | 0.0796 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Now Kid Vits Berry Blast | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0220 | 0.0779 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Flintstones Plus Bone Building Support | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0591 | 0.0733 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Puritan's Pride Children's Multi Gummies | Candy-like | 0.0126 | 0.0708 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Flintstones Sour Gummies | Candy-like | 0.0181 | 0.0685 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Benny Bears | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0397 | 0.0683 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Schiff Children's Chewable | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0298 | 0.0670 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Kid-Vite Chewable | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0569 | 0.0668 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Disney Gummies | Candy-like | 0.0118 | 0.0564 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Complete Children's Chewable | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0272 | 0.0552 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Wild Vites Children's Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0248 | 0.0494 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Doctor's Trust Daily One Children's Chewable | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0493 | 0.0488 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Rhino Gummy Bear Vitamins | Candy-like | 0.0093 | 0.0472 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Lil Critters Vita Beans | Candy-like | 0.0070 | 0.0376 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Liquimins Kids Multi | Liquid | 0.0065 | 0.0373 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Astra-Vites | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0140 | 0.0334 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Kangaroo Kids Nutra Chews | Candy-like | 0.0045 | 0.0295 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Nutrition Now Rhino Beanie Vites | Candy-like | 0.0055 | 0.0273 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Lil Critters Gummy Vites | Candy-like | 0.0053 | 0.0265 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Natural Wealth Children's Chewable Multivitamins Plus Iron | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0266 | 0.0230 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Nature's Plus Chidren's Vita Gels | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0360 | 0.0229 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| NatraBio Children's Multivitamin | Liquid | 0.0019 | 0.0216 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Puritan's Pride Pre-Vites | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0197 | 0.0201 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Schiff Children's Multivitamin Liquid | Liquid | 0.0016 | 0.0195 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Rite Aid Children Chewable Vitamins with Iron | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0188 | 0.0179 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Flintstones Gummies | Candy-like | 0.0042 | 0.0167 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Natural Wealth Children's Chewable Multivitamins | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0192 | 0.0164 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Flintstones Plus Immunity Support | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0114 | 0.0119 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Uno Diario Ninos | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0130 | 0.0114 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Natural Wealth Children's Chewable Multivitamins Plus Extra C | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0097 | 0.0100 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| My First Flintstones | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0104 | 0.0092 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Kids Liquid Dolphin Pals | Liquid | 0.0013 | 0.0079 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Windmill Bite-A-Mins | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0092 | 0.0079 | Young children (0-6 years) |
| NF Formulas Liquid Pediatric | Liquid | ND | --- | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Natrol Liquid Kids Companion | Liquid | ND | --- | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Twinlab Infant Care | Liquid | ND | --- | Young children (0-6 years) |
| Kal Enhanced Energy Teen Complete | Tablet/Capsule | 0.513 | 1.78 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Clinical Nutrients for Female Teens | Tablet/Capsule | 0.177 | 1.14 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Clinical Nutrients For Male Teens | Tablet/Capsule | 0.179 | 1.07 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Doctor's Choice For Male Teens | Tablet/Capsule | 0.163 | 0.981 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Maxi Teen Supreme | Tablet/Capsule | 0.623 | 0.942 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Rainbow Light Active Health TEEN | Tablet/Capsule | 0.198 | 0.936 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Nature's Plus Source of Life Power Teen | Tablet/Capsule | 0.313 | 0.931 | Older children (7+ years) |
| FoodScience Teen's Superior | Tablet/Capsule | 0.117 | 0.928 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Esteem Total Teen | Tablet/Capsule | 0.435 | 0.871 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Vitanica Women's Symetry | Tablet/Capsule | 0.122 | 0.800 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Thompson Teenplex | Tablet/Capsule | 0.146 | 0.500 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Futurebiotics M. V. Teen | Tablet/Capsule | 0.235 | 0.356 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Maxi Teen Supreme His Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.232 | 0.348 | Older children (7+ years) |
| GNC Mega Teen | Tablet/Capsule | 0.168 | 0.339 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Futurebiotics Derma Teen | Tablet/Capsule | 0.130 | 0.272 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Good 'N Natural Ultra Teen | Tablet/Capsule | 0.137 | 0.265 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Michael's Teen Girls | Tablet/Capsule | 0.129 | 0.262 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Michael's Pre-Teen Girls | Tablet/Capsule | 0.123 | 0.248 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Puritan's Pride Mega Vita Min For Teens | Tablet/Capsule | 0.122 | 0.240 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Michael's Teen Boys | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0924 | 0.168 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Michael's For Pre-Teen Boys | Tablet/Capsule | 0.115 | 0.104 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Nutrition Now Zow for Teens | Candy-like | 0.0073 | 0.0371 | Older children (7+ years) |
| Lil Critters Drop Zone for Teens | Candy-like | 0.0054 | 0.0276 | Older children (7+ years) |
| After Baby Boost 1 | Tablet/Capsule | 2.40 | 8.97 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| A to Z Naturals Wow! PreNatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.622 | 5.52 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Vitamin Source Prenatal Complete | Tablet/Capsule | 0.528 | 4.73 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Prenatal Superior | Tablet/Capsule | 0.453 | 3.93 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Rainbow Light Complete Prenatal System | Tablet/Capsule | 0.440 | 3.76 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Buried Treasure Prenatal Plus DHA Complete | Liquid | 0.112 | 3.76 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| DaVinci Laboratories Ultimate Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.369 | 3.16 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Life Time Professional Pre-Natal Formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.354 | 2.63 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Daily Foods Baby & Me | Tablet/Capsule | 0.248 | 2.37 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Carol Bond Women's Choice Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.392 | 2.24 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Karuna Maxxi-Natal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.263 | 2.16 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Solaray Pre-Natal Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.276 | 1.95 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Tyler Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.211 | 1.92 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| KAL Vita Mom Advanced | Tablet/Capsule | 0.191 | 1.83 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Pre Natal mini's Essentials | Tablet/Capsule | 0.373 | 1.65 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| GNC Women's Prenatal with Iron | Tablet/Capsule | 0.526 | 1.63 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Vita-vitamin Prenatal Formulation | Tablet/Capsule | 0.263 | 1.63 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Uno Diario Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.499 | 1.60 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Innate Prenatal Trimester I & II | Tablet/Capsule | 0.199 | 1.59 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Now Prenatal Caps | Tablet/Capsule | 0.278 | 1.50 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Vitanica Maternal Symmetry | Tablet/Capsule | 0.247 | 1.50 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Carlson Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.214 | 1.47 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| After Baby Boost 3 | Tablet/Capsule | 0.448 | 1.42 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nature's Plus Source of Life Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.418 | 1.39 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Clinical Nutrients Prenatal Formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.169 | 1.39 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Doctor's Choice Prenatal Formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.165 | 1.37 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Super Nutrition Prenatal Blend | Tablet/Capsule | 0.152 | 1.34 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Rite Aid Prenatal Tablets | Tablet/Capsule | 1.13 | 1.31 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Herb Free Baby & Me Daily Foods | Tablet/Capsule | 0.151 | 1.22 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Feel Good Naturally Prenatal Plus | Tablet/Capsule | 0.216 | 1.19 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Clinicians Choice Prenatal Complete | Tablet/Capsule | 0.220 | 1.15 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Maxi Pre-Natal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.160 | 1.10 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Vegan Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.630 | 1.03 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nature's Way Prenatal Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.215 | 1.02 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| NutraOrigin Nutra Mother | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0932 | 0.950 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Source Naturals Mother's Choice Tablets | Tablet/Capsule | 0.130 | 0.924 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Daily Wellness Mother's Blend | Tablet/Capsule | 0.338 | 0.915 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Rainbow Light Prenatal One | Tablet/Capsule | 0.460 | 0.845 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nature's Life Prenatal Multiple | Tablet/Capsule | 0.132 | 0.844 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Solgar Prenatal Nutrients | Tablet/Capsule | 0.119 | 0.810 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nature's Way Completia Prenatal Multivitamin | Tablet/Capsule | 0.128 | 0.792 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Early Promise Prenatal Multimineral | Tablet/Capsule | 0.143 | 0.776 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nutri-west Pre/post Natal Minerals | Tablet/Capsule | 0.145 | 0.768 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Puritan's Pride Prenatal complex | Tablet/Capsule | 0.274 | 0.750 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Metagenics Fem Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0999 | 0.720 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| A to Z Naturals Prep For Baby | Tablet/Capsule | 0.103 | 0.682 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nature's Basics Prenatal Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.101 | 0.673 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Perry Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.520 | 0.667 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Kordial Nutrients Prenatal Complete | Tablet/Capsule | 0.241 | 0.656 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nature's Plus Ultra Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.135 | 0.641 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Super Nutrition Simply One Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.306 | 0.638 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Thompson Prenatal formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.363 | 0.633 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Maxi Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.107 | 0.607 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Jarrow Formulas | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0697 | 0.599 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Spring Valley Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.485 | 0.591 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Twinlab Prenatal Care | Tablet/Capsule | 0.219 | 0.578 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Prenatal Complex | Tablet/Capsule | 0.189 | 0.546 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nature's Plus Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.274 | 0.509 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Progressive Woman Prenatal Multiple | Tablet/Capsule | 0.190 | 0.505 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nature Made Multi Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.348 | 0.499 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| PureGels PreNatal Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0804 | 0.469 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Vitamin Power Pre-natal formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.433 | 0.467 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Vitamin World Prenatal Vitamins | Tablet/Capsule | 0.282 | 0.406 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| GNC Women's Prenatal Formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.125 | 0.383 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| NewChapter Organics Perfect Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.134 | 0.371 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Natural Wealth Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.323 | 0.366 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Stuart Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.331 | 0.353 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nature's Bounty Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.284 | 0.324 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Maxi Health One Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.129 | 0.264 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Pure Encapsulations PreNatal Nutrients | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0995 | 0.224 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Pregnancy Plus | Tablet/Capsule | 0.223 | 0.189 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Natrol PreNatal Care | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0515 | 0.164 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nature's Plus Prenatal Liquid | Liquid | 0.0033 | 0.116 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| Nature's Sunshine Nature's Prenatal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0835 | 0.0948 | Pregnant and lactating women |
| After Baby Boost 2 | Tablet/Capsule | ND | --- | Pregnant and lactating women |
| NutriBiotic Ultimate Matrix | Tablet/Capsule | 1.20 | 4.92 | Adult women |
| Super Nutrition Women's Blend | Tablet/Capsule | 0.453 | 4.58 | Adult women |
| Esteem Total Woman | Tablet/Capsule | 0.861 | 3.61 | Adult women |
| Garden of Life Living Multi Optimal | Tablet/Capsule | 0.367 | 3.53 | Adult women |
| GenSpec VF-1 for African American Females | Tablet/Capsule | 0.562 | 3.40 | Adult women |
| For Women Only | Tablet/Capsule | 0.171 | 3.27 | Adult women |
| Garden of Life Living Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.391 | 3.24 | Adult women |
| DaVinci Laboratories Spectra Woman | Tablet/Capsule | 0.319 | 2.91 | Adult women |
| Women's Superior | Tablet/Capsule | 0.316 | 2.88 | Adult women |
| GenSpec VF-3 para Mujeres Hispanas | Tablet/Capsule | 0.446 | 2.64 | Adult women |
| Nature's Secret Morning MultiPLUS | Tablet/Capsule | 0.344 | 2.60 | Adult women |
| Nature's Plus Woman's nutra Packs | Tablet/Capsule | 0.270 | 2.56 | Adult women |
| NF Formulas Women's Forte | Tablet/Capsule | 0.213 | 2.44 | Adult women |
| GenSpec VF-5 For Caucasian Females | Tablet/Capsule | 0.402 | 2.41 | Adult women |
| Buried Treasure Women's Formula | Liquid | 0.0655 | 2.24 | Adult women |
| Bronson Laboratories Performance Edge | Tablet/Capsule | 0.363 | 2.18 | Adult women |
| Women's Plus MultiStart | Tablet/Capsule | 0.222 | 2.00 | Adult women |
| More Than A Multiple | Tablet/Capsule | 0.343 | 1.97 | Adult women |
| Apex FIT Multivitamin Women's | Tablet/Capsule | 1.16 | 1.91 | Adult women |
| GNC Women's Ultra Mega Active | Tablet/Capsule | 0.529 | 1.87 | Adult women |
| Whole Source Complete formula For Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.569 | 1.81 | Adult women |
| Women's Maintenance AM | Tablet/Capsule | 0.241 | 1.78 | Adult women |
| Rainbow Light Women's Answer | Tablet/Capsule | 0.188 | 1.75 | Adult women |
| Pharm-Max Women's Extra Formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.225 | 1.69 | Adult women |
| Pioneer Chewable Vitamin Mineral | Tablet/Capsule | 0.130 | 1.69 | Adult women |
| Women's Maintenance AM without Iron | Tablet/Capsule | 0.233 | 1.69 | Adult women |
| Nature's Basics Women's Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.316 | 1.56 | Adult women |
| Longetivity Women's Formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.214 | 1.50 | Adult women |
| GNC Women's Ultra Mega | Tablet/Capsule | 0.355 | 1.49 | Adult women |
| Nature's Plus Ultra Source of Life | Tablet/Capsule | 0.237 | 1.48 | Adult women |
| GNC Women's Ultra Mega Time Release | Tablet/Capsule | 0.377 | 1.40 | Adult women |
| HarmonicInnerprizes Lady's PQ | Tablet/Capsule | 0.465 | 1.40 | Adult women |
| Preferred Plus Women's Daily | Tablet/Capsule | 0.749 | 1.31 | Adult women |
| Women's DailyFoods | Tablet/Capsule | 0.261 | 1.30 | Adult women |
| A to Z Naturals Wow! Women's Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.262 | 1.29 | Adult women |
| NewChapter Organics Every Woman II | Tablet/Capsule | 0.181 | 1.29 | Adult women |
| Solgar Female Multiple | Tablet/Capsule | 0.185 | 1.24 | Adult women |
| NutraOrigin Nutra Woman | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0822 | 1.21 | Adult women |
| Women's One Daily | Tablet/Capsule | 0.611 | 1.21 | Adult women |
| Lady Max | Tablet/Capsule | 0.338 | 1.15 | Adult women |
| Active Woman's Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.217 | 1.13 | Adult women |
| True Fit Women's Immune System Boost | Tablet/Capsule | 0.288 | 1.13 | Adult women |
| Doctor's Trust Ideal Multi For Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.340 | 1.12 | Adult women |
| Women's Twice Daily Essential Packets | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0801 | 1.08 | Adult women |
| Women's Fitness FTW Menstrual Pak | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0727 | 1.07 | Adult women |
| Eve | Tablet/Capsule | 0.222 | 1.07 | Adult women |
| Uno Diario Mujeres | Tablet/Capsule | 0.650 | 1.05 | Adult women |
| Douglas Laboratories Ultra Fem | Tablet/Capsule | 0.134 | 1.04 | Adult women |
| Nature's Purest Ultra Woman | Tablet/Capsule | 0.306 | 1.03 | Adult women |
| MotherNature.com Women's Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.204 | 1.01 | Adult women |
| Nature's Plus Source of Life Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.231 | 0.980 | Adult women |
| Futurebiotics Multivitamin Energy Plus | Tablet/Capsule | 0.270 | 0.978 | Adult women |
| NewMark Women's Synbiotic Nutrients | Tablet/Capsule | 0.213 | 0.975 | Adult women |
| Irwin Naturals Women's Living Green | Tablet/Capsule | 0.165 | 0.933 | Adult women |
| Vitamin World Mega Vita Min For Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.225 | 0.918 | Adult women |
| Clinicians Choice Women's Health Basics | Tablet/Capsule | 0.174 | 0.908 | Adult women |
| Optimal Nutrition Opti-Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.424 | 0.902 | Adult women |
| Clinical Nutrients For Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.146 | 0.901 | Adult women |
| Kal Vitality For Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.288 | 0.899 | Adult women |
| Only Natural For Women Only | Tablet/Capsule | 0.326 | 0.894 | Adult women |
| Scitec Nutrition Vita X for Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.262 | 0.885 | Adult women |
| FertilAid for Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.267 | 0.844 | Adult women |
| Clinicians Choice Women's AM Multivitamins | Tablet/Capsule | 0.420 | 0.842 | Adult women |
| Puritan's Pride Mega Vita Min High Potency | Tablet/Capsule | 0.205 | 0.832 | Adult women |
| VitaSpecifix Women's Complete | Tablet/Capsule | 0.242 | 0.830 | Adult women |
| Twinlab Women's Ultra Daily | Tablet/Capsule | 0.180 | 0.830 | Adult women |
| Country Life Maxine Daily Multiple for Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.207 | 0.781 | Adult women |
| Good 'N Natural Ultra Woman | Tablet/Capsule | 0.191 | 0.777 | Adult women |
| Every Woman's Inner Beauty | Tablet/Capsule | 0.257 | 0.774 | Adult women |
| One 'n' Only Women's Formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.446 | 0.766 | Adult women |
| Natrol My Favorite Multi For Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.180 | 0.761 | Adult women |
| Swanson Women's Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.299 | 0.753 | Adult women |
| Women's Fitness FTW Pak | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0652 | 0.728 | Adult women |
| Health Xpress Women's Mega | Tablet/Capsule | 0.221 | 0.722 | Adult women |
| Priority One Women's Formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.112 | 0.703 | Adult women |
| True Fit Women's Weight Management | Tablet/Capsule | 0.197 | 0.688 | Adult women |
| Rainbow Light Food For Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.163 | 0.688 | Adult women |
| Nature's Plus Especially Yours | Tablet/Capsule | 0.141 | 0.687 | Adult women |
| Solaray Provide | Tablet/Capsule | 0.149 | 0.683 | Adult women |
| VitaminLab Active Woman's Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.133 | 0.682 | Adult women |
| True Fit Women's Joint Releif | Tablet/Capsule | 0.186 | 0.666 | Adult women |
| Puritan's Pride Mega Vita Min Iron Free | Tablet/Capsule | 0.164 | 0.650 | Adult women |
| A to Z Naturals Womenwise Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.124 | 0.646 | Adult women |
| Vitomegawomen | Tablet/Capsule | 0.197 | 0.642 | Adult women |
| The Vitamin Shoppe Ultimate Woman | Tablet/Capsule | 0.156 | 0.640 | Adult women |
| GNC Soloday | Tablet/Capsule | 0.414 | 0.615 | Adult women |
| Good 'N Natural Ultra Woman Iron Free | Tablet/Capsule | 0.154 | 0.611 | Adult women |
| The Vitamin Shoppe Liquid Multi | Liquid | 0.0183 | 0.604 | Adult women |
| Country Life Maxine A Daily Multiple for Women (Iron-Free) | Tablet/Capsule | 0.156 | 0.582 | Adult women |
| 21st Century Mega Multi For Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.162 | 0.578 | Adult women |
| Country Life Maxine Multi-Vitamin & Mineral | Tablet/Capsule | 0.151 | 0.574 | Adult women |
| Olay daily energy pack | Tablet/Capsule | 0.171 | 0.574 | Adult women |
| Good 'N Natural Women's Exclusive Formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.160 | 0.554 | Adult women |
| Vitamin World Mega Vita Min For Women Iron Free | Tablet/Capsule | 0.136 | 0.541 | Adult women |
| One A Day Women's | Tablet/Capsule | 0.270 | 0.513 | Adult women |
| Thompson Multi Formula for Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.359 | 0.511 | Adult women |
| Prevention Multivitamin & Mineral for Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.213 | 0.491 | Adult women |
| Solaray Twice Daily Multi Energy | Tablet/Capsule | 0.235 | 0.488 | Adult women |
| The Vitamin Shoppe Ultimate Woman No Iron | Tablet/Capsule | 0.121 | 0.483 | Adult women |
| Greens Today Energy Boosters | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0967 | 0.480 | Adult women |
| Rainbow Light Women's One | Tablet/Capsule | 0.257 | 0.466 | Adult women |
| Puritan's Pride Women's Exclusive Formula | Tablet/Capsule | 0.134 | 0.464 | Adult women |
| Biovaye | Tablet/Capsule | 0.337 | 0.449 | Adult women |
| For Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.113 | 0.443 | Adult women |
| Nature's Bounty Multi-Day Women's | Tablet/Capsule | 0.246 | 0.427 | Adult women |
| Innate Women's One Daily | Tablet/Capsule | 0.256 | 0.423 | Adult women |
| Olay complete multivitamin | Tablet/Capsule | 0.243 | 0.416 | Adult women |
| Daily Foods Women's One Daily | Tablet/Capsule | 0.249 | 0.411 | Adult women |
| Sundown Women's One Daily | Tablet/Capsule | 0.223 | 0.391 | Adult women |
| Clinicians Choice Women's PM Multivitamins | Tablet/Capsule | 0.257 | 0.372 | Adult women |
| Super Nutrition Simply One Women | Tablet/Capsule | 0.167 | 0.344 | Adult women |
| Jarrow Formulas Women's Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.135 | 0.338 | Adult women |
| Nature Made Multi For Her | Tablet/Capsule | 0.183 | 0.305 | Adult women |
| Vitamin World Mega Vita-Min | Tablet/Capsule | 0.156 | 0.286 | Adult women |
| Liquid Health Women's Multi | Liquid | 0.0078 | 0.244 | Adult women |
| NewChapter Organics Every Woman's One Daily | Tablet/Capsule | 0.132 | 0.239 | Adult women |
| Viactiv Flavor Glides | Tablet/Capsule | 0.158 | 0.239 | Adult women |
| 21st Century One Daily Women's | Tablet/Capsule | 0.141 | 0.238 | Adult women |
| Food Force Women's Force | Tablet/Capsule | 0.121 | 0.217 | Adult women |
| Vitabase Woman's Multi | Liquid | 0.0066 | 0.209 | Adult women |
| Kirkman EveryDay | Tablet/Capsule | 0.278 | 0.174 | Adult women |
| MotherNature.com Women's Basic Multi | Tablet/Capsule | 0.155 | 0.158 | Adult women |
| Family Value Multivitamin/Multimineral for Woman | Tablet/Capsule | 0.121 | 0.126 | Adult women |
| Viactiv Multivitamin Milk Chocolate | Candy-like | 0.0149 | 0.0847 | Adult women |
| FemOne | Tablet/Capsule | 0.0158 | 0.0146 | Adult women |
Notes:
- Average Pb mass fraction (concentration) based on replicate determinations (n = 2 to 7) of sample composite. ND: Not detected (below limit of detection of 0.0011 mg/kg and 0.0027 mg/kg assuming a 1 g and 0.4 g analytical portion for liquid and dry solid matrices, respectively).
- Estimated maximum daily Pb exposure from consumption of non-liquid product = [(average Pb mass fraction found, mg Pb/kg) x (unit weight of product in kg (powder = 1)) x (maximum recommended daily serving in quantity/day)]. Estimated maximum daily Pb exposure from consumption of liquid product = [(average Pb mass fraction found, mg Pb/kg) x (liquid density in kg/L) x (maximum recommended daily serving in L/day)].
- Assignment of population assessment group based on product description, label information and instructions for use.
References:
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